John Winthrop

John Winthrop was born in England in 1588 to a puritan family and began his travels to the 'New World' in spring of 1630, sailing to America on the Arbella, leaving his small manor in England behind.

Winthrop is sometimes seen as a visionary Utopian, and also sometimes as a reactionary. During his time as governor of  Massachusetts (for which he was chosen 12 times between 1631 and 1648 proving that he was very popular among the people of Massachusetts) he would often urge other colonists to adopt discipline and individual responsibility throughout their colonies to help  tackle any disorder and disruption they may face. Winthrop also became a father figure among the colonists especially after his famous sermon "A Modell of Christian Charity" which is also referred to as the "City Upon a Hill" sermon. This particular speech is well known for arguing that the wealthy had a duty to look after the poor. This speech was also an early example of American exceptionalism and phrases from this sermon have been used throughout American politics since, JFK repeated phrases from the speech just after being elected as president and Ronald Reagan has cited him as a highly inspirational source.

Although he was liked by many he did face some opposition during his time in power. He was often more appreciated by those of a higher intelligence and some complained about some of his conduct such as the harsh way in which he dealt with religious dissenters. A clear example of this was when he exiled Anne Hutchinson for opposing his puritan state and having unorthodox views.